HERO System

Many GM's (and to a lesser extent some Players) are often concerned about how to gauge the capabilities of characters; to predict how they will perform and contribute to a campaign. Most people end up considering things like how much damage a character can inflict, how many "Active Points" they have in abilities, their general combat effectives as gauged by their ability to hit, to absorb damage, and how many actions they can take.

Some GM's are more concerned with how many skills talents and perks a character has, how well the character's abilities fulfill the promise of their background; how many story hooks project from the character to ensnare them fully into plotlines, and how many opportunities the character has to participate in roleplaying scenes.

The occasional GM tries to identify what "archetypes" a character falls into which can be a useful way of using past characters to inform an assessment about a character with similar elements. Speedsters tend to function in certain ways and place different demands upon a game than a Mentalist for instance, and a GM able to recognize the various archetypical traits of characters can shortcut their development process by tapping into their past experiences.

And of course some GM's use many such techniques.

RELEVANCE AND RELIABILITY

I use some of the techniques mentioned above, and have used others in the past, but over the years I've found that in the end character assessment can be distilled down to two very broad considerations.

RELEVANCE

The first consideration is Relevance; a measure of how pertinent a character is to the style of the campaign at hand.

What is important to a particular campaign are often subtle and frequently difficult to summarize intangibles that a GM knows are essential to what they want to evoke and accomplish, even if they can't always express them clearly. Characters that fit in with some or all of the considerations important to the GM's vision can simply be said to be Relevant to the campaign.

Since different campaigns vary in what they are about, the same character can be very relevant to some campaigns and irrelevant (which is to say out of place) in others. This is why some characters are fantastic in some games but come up short in different campaigns that seem similar on the surface. This is obviously true across genres and power levels, but it is also true across campaigns in the same genre and power level.

This is often seen even in campaigns that have multiple GM's; under one GM a character shines and under another GM they falter, which sometimes leads to assumptions of GM bias but which can often be traced to the hidden dynamic of Relevance at work. Though technically the continuity of the campaign is not disrupted, variations in focus and vision between GM's in a revolving or shared GM scenario have an often underestimated or unrecognized influence on how well some characters are able to contribute and conform.

To determine a character's Relevance a GM must first know what their campaign is going to be about. In most campaigns this boils down to Roleplaying and Combat, but this can be shaded in many different striations. And of course specialized campaigns usually have equivalently specialized considerations of Relevance.

For instance the needs of a noir crime / hardboiled detective campaign are very different from a high camp space opera campaign. The most detailed and perfect Bogartian gumshoe would be god-like in one such game (high Relevance and Reliability), and completely out of his depth in the other. Some would look at that example and cry "foul", assuming that the detective campaign must be set in the Pulp era and the space opera must be something futuristic, but HERO Gamers worth the name know that they could just be two different takes on the same exact setting and material.

RELIABILITY

The second consideration is Reliability; a measure of how dependable the character is, their ability to make their actions matter.

Reliability is a little harder to figure, but it's basically just a numbers game. However, to determine a character's Reliability a GM must first define what it is the character is supposed to be good at. For some characters this is bleedingly obvious, but other characters require a more discerning eye.

The goal is to define the character's metier, their raison d'etre, their shtick. In some ways this is just archetyping by another name, but it is typically a more discerning approach. At any rate it can all be boiled down to the process of answering the question "is the character good at what they do?".

RANKING

For ease of use, I typically use a handful of descriptors describing each character's Relevance and Reliability in order of most to least:

Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Barely

For the more numerically inclined, these can also be assigned number values as follows:

Extremely (3 points)
Very (2 points)
Somewhat (1 point)
Barely (0 point)

In general characters that have less than 4 points combined between their Relevance and Reliability are going to be underperformers and / or experience difficulties contributing to the campaign.

Characters that have particularly low scores are not only ineffective, they are usually disruptive to the game as well.

PUTTING IT TO USE

Once a GM knows what their campaign is about, employing this form of character assessment is a snap. For each character simply decide if they are Extremely, Very, Somewhat, or Barely Relevant to the campaign.

Once that has been done, the GM then just decides how dependably the character can succeed at doing their "thing" when the opportunity arises; in other words are they Extremely, Very, Somewhat, or Barely Reliable, when considered as a whole.

EXAMPLE CHARACTERS

Millennial Men

The Millennial Men campaign is a superheroic "Champions Universe" campaign with about a 60/40 split between Combat and Roleplaying and a "Bronze Age" feel. The following list is my assessment of the Relevance and Reliability of several Player Characters in that campaign.

Name	Score	Relevance	Reliability
Rook	5	Very	Extremely
Turbofist	4	Very	Very
War Man	5	Extremely	Very
Alliage	3	Very	Somewhat
Wrath	4	Extremely	Somewhat
Legend	5	Extremely	Very
Blackjack	4	Somewhat	Extremely
FORMER MILL MEN
Gravitic	4	Very	Very
Hype	5	Very	Extremely
Chitin	3	Very	Somewhat
Major Savage	5	Extremely	Very

MILLENNIAL MEN ANALYSIS

ROOK

Rook is pretty clearly the character most capable at combat. Almost every point is leveraged to make him capable in all three primary considerations for combat; mobility, offense, and staying power. He's not unstoppable by any stretch, but he is a dedicated fighter and it shows.

Since the campaign aims for about a 40-60 split between RP/Story time and Combat (though combat can take a lot of real life time to resolve), Rook is pretty relevant to the campaign and because he's so dedicated to fighting, he is very reliable as well. He can reliably be counted on to kick ass.

TURBOFIST

Turbofist is very similar in this regard; he is a dedicated butt kicker. Though he is not as durable as Rook and has a lower average damage cap, he is much faster and more accurate which brings him up to par. Rook's player is more experienced and has had over 30 sessions to figure his character out which accounts for any observable difference in effectiveness. On paper TF and Rook are roughly equivalent in terms of combat effectiveness, with similar strengths and weaknesses.

WAR-MAN

War-Man is more on the combat side as well, but also has a number of generally abilities, including his HRRP and above average sensory capabilities, as well as a fairly well developed Secret ID/Alter Ego. The character has developed harmonious relationships with the police and PRIMUS, and maintains contacts in his Secret ID as well.

His high SPD, accuracy, flexibility in combat, and high damage options make him a powerful combatant, but his social aspect give him something to do in non-combat. This makes War Man more relevant than Rook or Turbofist; he's very relevant to combat and he's relevant to non-combat. He is also good at what he does, more durable than he looks, and all of his basic abilities are bought outright making him very reliable, though not as much as Rook.

JOHN WRATH

Wrath is the Captain America of the group on paper; he has a wealth of skills, comprehensive martial arts, skill levels to spare, both ranged and hth capability, and good statistics. He is a pure hybrid character, not specializing in any particular aspect. He is relevant to combat, though less so than the dedicated scrapper, brick, and blaster in the group, and has a staggering array of options out of combat, making him very relevant in that area.

However the character is not reliable via a combination of being highly dependent on key rolls like Find Weakness and various skills, as well as the friction the character's crusty and gruff personality engenders with NPC's. The reliability aspect is the only area of Wrath that is lacking -- he's got everything else covered.

ALLIAGE

Alliage is a very dangerous character. Via her unusual arrangement of Multipowers she has the widest array of individual options available to the group. However, while she has some abilities useful out of combat, primarily her powers are intended for combat, and she lacks skills entirely. In many ways shes like a mini-Rook; Power heavy, low stats, slow, and with strong offensive, defensive, and manuever options.

But where Rook is specialized at shrugging damage and brute forcing things Alliage is generalized. Since she brings some unique capabilities to the group, her relevance is perhaps greater than that of either Rook or Turbofist from the perspective of group planning, but the underlying fragileness of the character coupled with a difficulty to anticipate whice of her gazillion subtle variations in power slotting is ideal combine to make her much less reliable than almost any other character in the group.

LEGEND

Legend is an extremely powerful character, with terrific relevance in and out of combat, particularly with any subject dealing with the mystic world. He can be very key both in and out of character. He has a impressive array of abilities, including many force multipliers. However, while his relevence is one of the highest of all the characters (if not the highest bar Wrath), his sustainablity is low due to the rate at which he expends END (a deliberate design flaw to keep the character in check), which impacts his reliableness.

BLACKJACK

Blackjack has a strange assortment of abilities that make him ok at combat and ok out of combat, but not particularly strong at either, and with a personality that does not lend itself to initiative taking. Despite the fact that the character is very major mojo (though grantedly subtle about it) on a mechanical level, the character's actual relevance to the campaign is perhaps the lowest of all the Millennial Men.

On the other hand, if a task involves a skill roll he is practically guaranteed to succeed, making him perhaps the most reliable of all the characters.

FORMER MILL MEN

GRAVITIC

Gravitic has a laundry list of useful Control and combat abilities, and never seems to be at a loss for some new trick to pull. Further his alter ego is somewhat played out, mostly for comic relief, but occassionally adding an extra dimension to the character. Overall the character is generally pretty relevant to the campaign, but various limitations and a dependence on Endurance hamper the character's reliability over the long haul.

HYPE

Hype is a combat monster, plain and simple, and his ability to take gobs o' meaningful actions ensured that he had a major impact on any combat scene. Generally considered to be equivalent to Rook in terms of sheer bad-assness. However his abrasive personality and lack of social graces made him a liability in many situations.

Hype was very specialized and extremely reliable; he almost never failed to make every action count.

CHITIN

Chitin is a powerful brick with some useful out of combat skills as well, but the character was underplayed and never lived up to it's potential.

Chitin is generally solid in design, but lacks a distinctive focus or role, and in practice was a very passive character. This is a borderline character; the character looks Very Reliable on paper, but in play was always lagging behind and was only Somewhat Reliable.

MAJOR SAVAGE

A broadly capable hybrid character, Savage benefited from a flexible and efficient design and was able to take part in all manner of combats, scenarios, encounters, and roleplaying opportunities, and also leveraged his background for various in-game contributions to the storyline.

Though he was stretched a tad thin, Savage was able to use manuever, tactics, planning, and character interactions to make him very reliable in general. If not for the fact that due to his gadgeteer aspect his capabilities were not all available all the time he would have been Extremely Reliable rather than Very Reliable.

Interestingly, the characters that were most successful in the campaign were the ones that scored highest on average, while the characters that had a lower overall average between the two considerations were less successful, though they were equally powerful and useful characters, and in some cases the most interesting characters when taken on their own merits.

The MillMen campaign was played out over a long period of time, and as is normal in campaigns that endure more than a few sessions, a definite pecking order of character value developed with some characters rising to the fore as the most useful and capable of the group. Most just accept this hierarchy at face value and assume that some of the characters are simply "better" than the others.

While it is true that some degree of distinction can stem from superior character design, the discerning gamer realizes that there are bigger forces at play than merely who shaved a point finer than the next guy.

In the Millennial Men example, if I as the GM were to alter the focus of the game subtly, the Relevance of the characters would imperceptibly fluctuate. Similarly if I were to switch up the sort of obstacles that the characters must overcome, or favored a particular sort of resolution, the Reliability of various characters would go up or down in response. Over time the pecking order of which characters were more highly regarded would change to favor the currently more Relevant and Reliable characters even if I never assigned another experience point and the characters themselves did not change their configuration.

IMPROVING YOUR GAME

Aside from serving as a useful assessment tool, this method can also be employed to improve an existing campaign. From time to time in roleplaying games in general one or more PC's just don't seem to gel with the themes of the campaign, or fail to be effective when the time comes to take actions or handle task resolutions.

Sometimes a GM can quickly put their finger on the pulse of the problem and contrive to correct for it, but more often such a character meets an untimely end, is abandoned by the player, or enters into a cycle of revision and alteration in search of fitting in more successfully. Unfortunately most such revision is usually done haphazardly and frequently the changes don't make a noticeable improvement, or require multiple distracting iterations to take effect.

That's where this method comes in handy. What is lacking in the character is almost always evident by carefully considering the character's Relevance and Reliability. Assuming the "problem character" in question is decently designed in an objective sense, and the player of the character is competent, the crux of the disconnect is either that the character isn't very Relevant to the campaign, or that when the abilities they have do prove to be Relevant they cannot be Relied upon, or both.

Usually simply improving the character's relevance to the campaign and / or stabilizing their ability to succeed at what they are supposed to be good at is all it takes to make the character fit in better and contribute to the health of the campaign in a productive fashion.